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The World Wars[1]

World War I (1914-1918) began as a war of movement. However, a stalemate developed after the first few weeks. Each side suffered enormous casualties in efforts to breach the other's defenses. New weapons such as the airplane and the tank were introduced. The submarine revolutionized sea warfare.

World War II (1939-1945) marked a return to the war of movement. The Germans won initial success by employing massed tanks. It was done with a Napoleonic boldness in Poland and France. The Allies were eventually able to defeat them by virtue of superior numbers and industrial strength. Armor was used to great advantage in Russia, North Africa, and in Western Europe. Amphibious operations played an important role in the Pacific war. It was fought over a wide expanse of the Pacific Ocean. Naval aviation and the aircraft carrier became the major weapons of the war at sea. Some battles such as Midway were fought without the opposing fleets drawing within sight of each other. A major feature of most conflicts since World War II has been the use of guerrilla tactics. In guerrilla warfare the friendly forces try to engage the enemy in a total war. This type of warfare is also called “people's war”.