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GAINSBOROUGH’S LANDSCAPES
As a landscape painter Gainsborough was influenced in his early years by
Dutch seventeenth century pictures seen in East Anglia; and the landscape
backgrounds in his Ipswich period portraits are all in that tradition. But during
his Bath period he saw paintings by Rubens and thereafter that influence is
apparent in his landscape compositions. 
The landscapes of Gainsborough’s maturity have spontaneity deriving from
the light rapid movement of his brush; but they are not rapid sketches from
nature, he never painted out-of-doors; he painted his landscapes in his studio
from his drawings, and from the scenes which he constructed in a kind of model
theatre, where he took bits of cork and vegetables and so on and moved them
about, and moved the light about, till he had arranged a composition. It is
possible that some of his preliminary black and white chalk landscape drawings
were done out-of-doors; but the majority were done in the studio from memory
when he returned from his walk or ride; and some of the finest of the drawings,
the “Horses by a Shed,” for example, resulted perhaps from a combination of the
two procedures — a rough pencil note made on the spot and reconsidered in
terms of composition with the aid of his candle and the model theatre after
dinner. At his highest level he went far beyond the current formulae and
achieved a degree of integrated three-dimensional arrangement.